MALNUTRITION IN PERU AND ANDEAN Director of the Institute of Andean Food Culture
Honorary Member of MIP-PERU
1 .- PERU MET OLD NO HUNGER MALNUTRITION.
The Ancient Peru, from 20 thousand years BC knew no hunger, malnutrition, population-based education with productive work, creative and projective, domesticated more than 500 species of plants and more than a dozen animals with he built, for the first time, an extraordinary food industry, organic foods to stock up on nutritious and medicinal.
With the creation of various types of agriculture, a herd of altitude and food industry and appropriate use of plant resources and animal nutrition achieved a balanced, harmonious, balanced and exceptional food and health security for 100 million people with a long life, up to 200 years.
Many cultivated plants contributed to the growth and physical development and pre-tahuantinsuyano tahuantinsuyano, who reached an average size of 1.75 and an IQ above 120 percent. Cereals, legumes, tubers, roots, vegetables and fruits, high in protein, minerals and vitamins, were the basis for organic food, nutritional and medicinal.
2 .- HUNGER - MALNUTRITION CREATION OF MAN SPANISH AND CAPITALISM.
The Peruvian population geosystems the various floors and the entire population of the various Andean States, from colonial times to the present, is suffering from hunger, malnutrition, protein energy hungry, hungry for minerals and vitamins, situation which has increased with capitalism since the second half of the twentieth century, with multiple consequences, which is deteriorating the quality of life and accelerating the internalization of Peruvian and Latin American man.
In Peru, a population of 28 million people, 20 million are suffering from chronic hunger in poor health. Hunger malnutrition, paradoxically, is greater in rural than in the city, 36% and 12% respectively. The school population of more than 12 million, is the most vulnerable with its 360 thousand teachers, also malnourished, those being the thinking elements of the state, do absolutely nothing to eradicate, despite the extraordinary abundance of food nutraceuticals. A.
- Causes of hunger, malnutrition. The classified into two groups: natural, such as droughts, floods, overflows and flooding of rivers, the phenomenon of El Niño, frost, pests, diseases, earthquakes, reduced water sources etc. Human causes are those that do more damage in the population, including the following:
- colonialism, imperialism, colonialism, liberalism, neoliberalism and globalization.
- Education outside the geographical area of \u200b\u200bPeru, useless, conservative, domestication, theoretical, rote, and so on.
- Social inequalities, poor-rich
- Inadequate distribution of land, estates, smallholdings.
- Inequality in the distribution of food.
- Export nutraceutical food pretext for foreign exchange.
- inappropriate agricultural practices.
- Overexploitation of biological and mineral resources.
- Lack of interest in agricultural growth.
- Low wages of the population.
- Lack of nutritious food.
- Distortion of eating habits.
- subversion and terrorism.
- World Wars.
- Lack of nutrients in food.
b. - Consequences of hunger-malnutrition: Many are the consequences, we will mention a few:
- Reduced size and weight of newborns.
- Delay growth of children.
- Decreased IQ.
- Poor school performance.
- Sinking of the physical resistance of the workers.
- Lower body resistance to disease.
- and high premature mortality.
- Increased sex drive.
- rapid population growth and so on., Etc.
3 .- FOODS FORTIFIED FLOUR WITH COCA: IMMEDIATE SOLUTION OF HUNGER, MALNUTRITION IN PERU AND AMAZON Andean countries.
The use of coca leaves, acullicar, chew or mambo, for more than 6000 years BC, in Ancient Peru to the present, with nutritional and medicinal purposes and as the use of coca flour in the diet of the native communities of the Amazon from the fifteenth to the twentieth century history are very important to eradicate hunger, malnutrition, in this century.
3.1 .- NATIVE AMAZON well nourished COCA FLOUR. The
Makusa, Black River in Brazil, in this century, we know that they have ample crops of coca, whose leaves are harvested for food. For this pulverized dried coca leaves with ash from the green leaves of banana, they're going to mix until a very fine powder, ready for use. The powder is then mixed with manioc flour or tapioca, on a plate that is consumed daily by members of that group (Prance, 1972b: 7-27).
"Indigenous people, especially those living in southern Colombia, coca does not use the drug, but rather as a stimulant or" saving food, chewing or better "Mambo" leaves in powder form, in order to support the abstention from food, because it calms the fatigue and does not like eating, but not only used cocaine on trips, or go hunting, has become customary among the Indians "mambo" coca almost all the time ... "(Garcia, 1975: 22 T 2)
Among Witotos distributed between the Putumayo and Caqueta, "the stack and roasted coca. The sifted powder is mixed with ash or grape leaf yarumo of Mt. The product is engulfed (or mambea) and gradually dissolves forming bulging balls on both cheeks. Every man has his cup of coca and exchanges with its partners "(Pineda, 1987:155)
Makuna
Indians, Taiwanese, Tukanos of the Colombian Amazon, pre stop coca flour, with dried leaves in a few dishes hot mud and then grind them to powder, which is mixed with the ashes of the leaves of a plant called yarumo (Cecropia discolor) to replace the lime for the "mambeo" says Perez Arbelaez said flour (1947:323) sucked and chewed at all times during work.
In Peru, indigenous communities, the department of Loreto, grown and chewed coca to support the fatigues of the march (Coriat, 1043: 110). The catonga and Camata, grow coca, chewing and mixing with chamiro bark and pulp plants highly alkaline ash, the lime also added "Also, Witotos, on the right bank of the Putumayo River, according Villarejo (1979: 111), the "roasted and reduced to dust and together with the snuff chew raw ..." The Ticuna, grow coca as a food and its rituals (Acosta, 1999). The Amueshas, \u200b\u200bCampas, Asháningas, located on the banks of the Ucayali River, coca cultivated for food (Ucayali Regional Plan (2004).
annotated examples of the use of coca flour in food, among the native communities of the South American Amazon, we infer that the pre-tahuantinsuyanos and tahuantinsuanos, creators of the food industry in the world, used the coca flour mixed with other flours to enrich them and make them more nutritious and medicinal. The famous mdchica who produced and consumed, dehydrating cereals and legumes by toasting, grinding, possibly containing coca flour. chroniclers, in general, were not aware of this situation, more if the use of coca leaves in all economic and social activities, as they observed the forms of Piccho or chew or acullicar and Mambo.
Three reporters, which help us explain the preparation of coca flour for food by tahuantinsuyanos:
- Cobo (1550-1954 - :215-216) said ... "was his estimate sheet so that only eaten by kings and nobles "... and then adds" this leaf powder taken from ordinary .... with sugar are hoarseness, asthma or chest. "
- Cieza de Leon (1967:60) says ... "but the dishes (of the Incas) was brought from the regions always many lambs, poultry, fish and maize, coca, roots, fruits as they are caught "
Cristobal de Molina (1967:76) says:" I will not say that every time that the Indians ate coca offer the sun ... "
The tahuantinsuyanos, many meals prepared and consumed raw, roasted, obtained from cereals, legumes, roots, tubers, leaves and flowers-dried pre-ground basking in the many fulling and mortar, or roast- ground in callana-fulling found archaeological sites from the husk until geosystem geosystem puna. The raw meal is blended, as at present being done to prepare various dishes, possibly enriched with coca flour, as well as the exquisite Machico.
3.2 .- FOODS FORTIFIED FLOUR WITH COCA. Famines
specific cause of many infectious and deficiency diseases in this century, it is possible to eradicate them with food enriched with coca flour. These foods are very easy to produce, combining or mixing several meals at low cost and high nutritional value. The result of the mixture or combination, is a flour or whole milk powder, as discussed below.
- protein energy Hunger: One of the most serious and widespread protein deficiency, which are causing the paralysis, a disease calorie deficit and Kwashiorkor, the lack of protein and a terrible decline in organic resistance to infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, dysentery, typhoid, pneumonia, cholera , diphtheria, cancer of all types etc. .. Peru is the second of tuberculosis in South America, the first is Brazil, both countries have great potential food.
- Hungry for minerals is eroding the health of children, expectant mothers, infants and adults. Deficiencies of calcium in the diet, has produced many diseases such as osteoporosis, osteomalacia, dental caries. Iron deficiency, causes anemia in children 1 to 5 years and in women of childbearing age. In the highlands, 50 percent of school children are anemic. Iodine deficiency is the cause of endemic goiter and cretinism (deaf-mutism, mental retardation and motor disorders).
- Hunger of vitamins: Vitamin A deficiency causes xerophthalmia, blindness or abnormal thickening of the conjunctiva, the vitamin D deficiency leads to rickets, usually during infancy and childhood, lack of vitamin C, causes the scurvy, at any age.
- coca flour, food, nutraceutical, food is more nutritional and medicinal values \u200b\u200bof the Earth, it contains all the nutrients needed by cells. With this flour we need to develop fortified foods, which will eradicate the deficiency and infectious diseases in the first half of this century. Enrichment can be made with flour from two or more foods, combining or mixing, which include, inter alia in the following table:
PERUVIAN FOOD CHEMISTRY AND EXOTIC
Source: Peruvian Tables of Food Composition. Lima, National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health, 1996 the 7th edition
Examples of enrichment or combinations of foods:
- banana flour + flour + flour of coca beans
- pituca flour + corn flour + flour
coca - quinoa flour + flour + flour of coca tarwi
- Amaranth + flour + potato flour coca flour
- bean flour + flour + flour of coca cañihua
- wheat flour + flour + tocosh coca flour.
coca flour, except tarwi, beans and bean, contains more protein (18 to 20 gm.), Which added to fortified foods, can solve the calorie-protein deficiencies that have been suffering more than 20 million malnourished people in the cities and countryside. With the enriched food, you can stop and eradicate the deficiencies of more than 12 million students in the glass of milk fortified foods should be such to facilitate the growth of children and improve the quality of your life.
coca flour, contains the required amount of minerals in a balanced diet: 2097 mg. calcium to eradicate osteoporosis, osteoma
limp and dental caries and other diseases, containing 600 and 637 mg. phosphorus, for solutions of problems of demineralization of the skeleton calcium side, containing over 26 mg. iron to resolve the anemia suffered by our school, and cretinism. coca flour contains all the vitamins, in greater numbers than those required for all ages and foods fortified with this meal we will eradicate all diseases caused by deficiencies of vitamins in food.
With foods fortified with coca flour, which is the best food and medicine in the world, since 2006, we can provide healthy food and good health to all Peruvians and South American before the FAO, WHO and PAHO been offering since the mid-twentieth century can not meet until now, however hunger, malnutrition and its devastating consequences has increased, deteriorating the anatomical and psychological constitution: reduced size of the average age, IQ, resulting in the internalization and extinction of man.
3.3 .- COCA FLOUR PRODUCTION AND NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS.
According to various reports, unofficial, Peru in 2004, 50.300 cultivated hectares, with an estimated of 95.570 MT, in the year 2005, the crop area is 61.200 ha, with production of approximately 126.280 MT. If the per capita consumption of coca flour per person per year out of 9 kilos, 2005 production is not sufficient, since to feed 20 million hungry malnourished and require Tm 180.mil It would promote more agricultural land to coca.
To increase the agricultural area, we must do two things in parallel, first industrialize the coca leaf in the field and in the city for immediate consumption in the form of flour, raw or roasted and start a second faith-diarrhea nationwide campaign to decriminalize the coca leaf, to be considered as a drug, for gross ignorance of the scientific or political-economic interests of large multinational corporations, to prevent Peru as wonderful, as the country's future, to save humanity from the scourge of hunger and increased recreated by the so-called developed countries. " Let's remind that if you live, it is because the ancient Peruvians presented him with the pope or acsho and saved from death on several occasions. And now Peru, can help humanity to eradicate hunger, improving the quality of life, with the food industry based on coca flour.
nutritional requirements of major and minor components, the Peruvian man of the Andean countries (see table of requirements), can be solved with coca flour or foods fortified with this meal. Only coca flour can supply the requirements for protein, calcium, phosphorus, vitamins and minerals, the combinations with coca flour, whole grains converted, we could build our food security and health, as did the ancient Peruvians.
NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS OF MAN PERUVIAN
Source: Alberto Guzman Barron: Human Nutrition, 1986: Table No. 2
3.4 .- CULINARY PREPARATIONS FLOUR ENRICHED WITH COCA. Leveraging
nutraceutical extraordinary virtues of coca flour, you can improve and enrich all preparations cooking, the various dishes, in all geosystems of Peru, and in all the Andean countries.
In the Andean mountain villages, there are many dishes of ancient Peru that we recover, improve, enrich it with coca flour and spread it among the peasants and even malnourished urban populations. For example, the following dishes or plates referred to Santiago Antúnez de Mayolo (1981:123-132)
- Suck or chupi coca flour and its varieties: Yakucuhpe or green soup, jerky chupi, challhua chupi, cashqui, with potatoes and herb seasoning; changa prepared with potatoes or cereals semimolidos; lloqolla, loaded with chili chupi; patache, prepared Rado with bare mote; pataska or motepasca, Amias with dried meat and herbs and chayro timpu or ipracasqui, prepared potatoes, meat, garlic, vegetables pullanca with large pieces of meat.
- Lawa, flour coca, prepared from flour, semi-thick consistency and its varieties: quemillu Lawa, based on the roots of the plant; jak'a lawa prepared with ripe cholo.
- Rocro or locro, coca flour, prepared with chili with potatoes, pumpkins and corn.
The current Peruvian geographical space, there are still many organic dishes, which can improve and enrich the base of coca flour, among others, the following:
- Sauces and mayonnaise.
- Soups, suck, broth
- Stews, creams
- Tamales, tamales, tortillas, French toast.
- Sweets, desserts, ice cream, cocktails etc.
3.5 .- FOOD INDUSTRY PROMOTION COCA FLOUR.
coca flour is nutraceutical raw material to manufacture for the domestic and international high-quality fortified foods without chemical additives to nurture the future Peruvian and Latin American man, as a multiple being, a thinking, talking , hardworking, creative, critical, emotional, social, political, economic and prospective.
Processed foods fortified flour coca, will be produced by township enterprises, campus companies, city and state, with a special quality monitoring to improve people's health, with the following popular foods:
- enriched wholemeal coca to make breads , biscuits, Kekes, cakes, pies, candies, noodles, etc, without chemical additives (such as flavoring agents, dyes, preservatives, sweeteners, thickeners etc.).
- Instant Mixes: with toasted wholemeal flour fortified with coca, no chemical additives. The mixtures will be combined based on three or four meals of cereals, legumes, cucurbits, fruit, tubers, roots, flowers, seaweed, etc. tocosh. These instant mixes, were consumed in school breakfasts and people in general.
enriched drinks coca flour, maize, quinoa, peanuts, agave molle, celeriac, yacon, tumbling, pineapple, passion fruit, cashew or Cashu camucamu, etc. molasses-sweetened corn, agave syrup, honey or agave molasses etc,. These drinks are consumed, without chemical additives to replace all bottled drinks are sold with additives that make it much, much damage to health, causing various diseases.
CONCLUSIONS:
For the special nutritional and medicinal virtues of coca leaves and the flour produced from it, used for over 6000 years before Christ, as a sacred plant as the plant maternal, wonderful and marvelous, we reached the following conclusions: a.
- coca flour is highly nutritious and medicinal plant like no other on earth, scientifically proven and foreign scientists, should enrich the Peruvian food for direct consumption and industry, promoted by the Ministries of Education, Agriculture, Health, Fisheries, Industry and Tourism and Women and Social Development.
b. - Peruvian foods fortified with coca flour for its high nutritional value, we integrate them into our daily diet through a severe food and nutrition education offered by the 360 \u200b\u200bthousand teachers and health personnel to eradicate hunger, malnutrition, not paternalism, without food aid from developed countries without prescriptions FAO, WHO and PAHO. C.
- Peru, wonderful country, wonderful country, a country of tomorrow, the country's future, you can stop being a beggar, sick, lazy and ignorant, with its great food and nutritional potential still has, despite the waste of MNCs , with coca flour, food Andean promising to eradicate hunger car we is deteriorating, marginalized and killing. D.
- Like all Peruvians and Latin Americans have the right to safe and nutritious food and not hungry, we must defend the coca and coca flour as a source of holistic health. As the food nutra-ceutical XXI century to achieve, with peruvian solution, our food safety and health and share solidarity and brotherhood with all the world's hungry. D.
-Develop an aggressive public awareness campaign based food and coca flour native foods nutraceuticals, among Peruvians with mental underdevelopment, acculturated, alienated Westernized not want to understand and comprehend, with coca flour, we can eradicate hunger and malnutrition-ing ignorance of many Peruvians.
BIBLIOGRAPHY.
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Amino acid requirements (mg) AMINO ADULT MILK INFANT SCHOOL
Source: Alberto Guzman Barron: Human Nutrition , 1986: 31
